Questionnaires

Bern Motivation and Goal Inventory: The BMZI is a multidimensional inventory for assessing motives and goals in recreational and health sport. Three age-specific versions of the questionnaire are available: for adolescents and persons in young adulthood, for persons in middle adulthood and for persons in late adulthood. The BMZI can be completed online.

Questionnaire on motivational competence in exercise and sport: The questionnaire on motivational competence has been developped to assess the extent to which people are able to find sporting activities that match their own motives and goals and thus enable them to enjoy sport. The questionnaire is based on the theoretical considerations of Rheinberg and Engeser (2010).

Athletic Identity Measurement Scales – Third Generation. The AIMS-3G (Brewer et al., 2022) represents a further development of the AIMS (Brewer et al., 1993). This diagnostic instrument uses 21 items and five dimensions to assess Athletic Identity per se, Prominence, Self-Worth Contingency (“Properties”), Self-Presentation, and Social Reinforcement (“Processes”). The version provided here is a German-language version of the instrument.

The Sports Interests Inventor: The SPIT-36 is a questionnaire designed to assess sports-related interests among adolescents and emerging adults. It is suitable for screening multidimensional interest profiles and serves as a basis for counseling aimed at identifying a suitable sports activity. Based on Holland’s (1997) person-environment fit theory and the components of physical fitness established in sports science (Bös, 2001), the instrument uses 36 items to measure eight “general” and four “specific” dimensions of interest (e.g., adventure, nature, aesthetics; endurance, strength, coordination).

The Transtheoretical Model Variables for Physical Activity: Validated questionnaires have been developed to capture all variables of the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change applied to physical activity. The variables are: Stages of Change, Processes of Change, Decisional Balance (Pros and Cons), Self-efficacy and Temptations.

Test of Performance Strategies: The TOPS (Thomas, Murphy & Hardy, 1999) is a questionnaire designed to assess psychological techniques and skills used by athletes in training and competition. The TOPS-D ist the German-language version of the inventory and was developed in cooperation with the Swiss Federal Institute of Sports (EHSM).

Mental Toughness Inventory: The MTI (Middleton, Martin & Marsh, 2011) is a diagnostic instrument that can be used to assess different aspects of mental toughness in a comprehensive way, both in performance-oriented sport and in other performance-oriented areas of life. The MTI-D is the German-language version of the inventory.

Questionnaires on participation, integration and sports careers: The research instruments summarised in this group have been developed to capture social integration and participation in the context of sport and physical activity as well as to capture sport-, education- and job-related aspects of careers during and after (junior) elite sport.

Sports Satisfaction Scale: The SSS (Sportzufriedenheitsskala, SZS) is an economical, widely applicable German-language research instrument that uses five items to measure the extent to which an individual is satisfied with a sport he or she practices. The sport satisfaction scale is based on a dimension of “domain-specific self-satisfaction” (BSZ) developed by Hormuth and Lalli (1988, 1997).